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(资料图)
backdoor “后门”
15.discount vt. 看轻
count 数
I count on him. 我看重/器重他。
discount 打折 以物做宾语
I discount what he sales.
contempt/belittle/look down on 以人做宾语
16.mystic a. 神秘的,带有宗教色彩
mysterious 则不带宗教色彩
occult 神秘的，玄妙的
supernatural 超自然的
metaphysical 形而上学的
garden of Eden 伊甸园
nether world 阴间
heavenly world 天堂
17.narrowness n. 狭隘
He is narrow-minded. 他心胸狭窄。
He is narrow-sighted/shortsighted.
他目光短浅。
narrow escape 九死一生
18.quality n. 品质
He is a man of quality. 他是一个高尚的人。
a lady of quality 贵妇
19.estate n. 社会阶层，房地产
class, hierarchy, stratification
都有阶层的意思。
real estate 不动产
personal estate 动产
estate agent 房地产商
20.realm n. 王国(抽象概念)
kingdom 具体概念
mental realm 思想境界
literature realm 文学界
flim/movie realm 电影界
[辨异]estate, domaln, sphere
estate 社会阶层
domaln
donaln name 域名
sphere 球，球形，球体，球面，范围，领域
realism n. 现实主义
realistic 现实主义的性格
realist 现实主义者[反]idealist 理想主义者
21.adjust vt. 使适应
adjust oneself tonew environment
be adjust to
He is well adjustd.
他好相处。
22.privilege n. 特权，英国英语常用
有特权的人，例如
mp(member of parliament)议员
privileged class 特权阶层
underprivileged class 弱势阶层
privileged car/cab 专车
23.relevant a. 有关的
be relevant to 和…
24.difference n. 差异
make no difference 没关系
It makes no difference wheather you come or
not.
make difference 关系重大
different from(英式英语)=different than (美
式英语)
Notes on the text 课文注释
1.A gentleman is, rather than does.绅士不是通过行为做到的。这里的意思是“绅士”是与生俱
来的，是骨子里的东西。
2.in a professional way=professional
3.be allowed：绅士这一阶层受社会的约束，不是随便什么都可以做的。
practise:从事
practise law=to be a lawyer
practise Medicine=to be a doctor
vocation: 职业 to offer help and aid, for example, priest, doctor, nurse
He is allowed to cultivate hobbies, even eccentricities, but must not
practise a vocation.这句话的
意思是：绅士是绝对不能脱离他的阶层，不允许 mix with the masses(与大众为伍),否则就会
很庸俗。
4.ride:骑马
navy:海军
army:陆军
5.rule:治国
6.political economy:政治经济学
less about:更不要提
=not to mention/not to speak of
I know nothing of maths, not to mention English. 我不懂数学，就更别提英语了。
7.learning:学术
sport:指前面说的” ride and shoot and cast a fly”
8.The problem set for society is not the virtues of the type so much as its
adequacy for itsfunction:
社会要回答的问题并不是这类人物不无美德，而是他们是否胜任其职务。
set for society:做后置定语
virtue:品德
the type=the kind=the class 阶层
so much as, not…… but, 前面有否定式，so much as=but
His success is not by talent so much as by energy.
他的成功不是来自天赋而是来自勤奋。
It is not the hours that tell so much as the way we use them.
重要的不是时间而是如何利用它。
It is the man that behind the gun tells.
胜败在人而不在武器。
adequate:能力
function:功能
9.arise=apper,常搭配副词 here, there
want：需求
pursue: 追求
10.attend to=be concerned with 关注
attend to 后面只能跟名词、动名词
While I am out/away, please attend to my house.
当我不在时，请帮我照看一下家。
11.in finance and method of production:金融和生产方法
12.widespread: 普遍的
discounting ability:轻视才能
character=nature
in a gentleman’s mouth:在绅士的嘴里
the qualities he traditionally possesses himself:他自己传统上所拥有的品质
13.social loyalties=loyalty to society=social duties 社会职责
be loyal to 对……忠诚
have ranged against him one of the fundamental estates of the
realm:已把自己放到这个王国中
的基本社会阶层的对立面上去。
range: 排列
range against: 作对
incapable of that imaginative realism:无法接受充满想像力的现实
14.admit=demand 要求
institution=custom 社会习俗
he formerly took as of right:他以前取得作为……的权力
took as=regard as 看待
took as of 是古英语用法，相当于今天的 took as
he is taken as a black sheep.
他被看作是害群之马。
right:权利
he can now attain only by offering proof that it is directly relevant to
social welfare: 只能通过提
供证据说明此项权力与社会福利直接有关才能得到
15.Lord Curzon, Miceroy of India, Invests the Maharajah of Cochin with the
Star of India in
1903:派往印度的总督 Curzon 勋爵授予印度本土国王 Cochin“印度之星”。
invest in:投资
invest with:授予
Lord:爵士，勋爵
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